Evaluation of the Anti-diabetic, Haematological and Hypolipidemic Effects of Methanol Extract of Annona muricata (Annonaceae) Seeds in Alloxan-Induced Diabetic Albino Rats

The study evaluated the antidiabetic, haematological, and hypolipidemic effects of Annona muricata seed methanol extract (AMSME) in alloxan-induced diabetic rats. Twenty-four (24) Wistar rats were grouped into five groups: group 1 served as the normal control, group 2 served as the positive control treated with glibenclamide (5 mg/kg body weight), group 3 had diabetic rats not given any intervention, and group 4-5 served as the treatment group and contained diabetic rats treated with AMSME (50 mg/kg and 100 mg/kg body weight). Extracts of AMSME were administered orally to the rats for 28 days, after which the rats were sacrificed through ocular puncture and blood was collected for biochemical tests and examination. In comparison to the positive control (160.2±0.22 mg/dl), the results demonstrated a significantly lower blood glucose level (p <0.05) in all the groups that received AMSME at a dose of 100 mg/kg body weight (99.7±0.03 mg/dl). The erythropoietic impact of AMSME at all dosages was shown by the activity of all the erythropoietic marker enzymes (Hb, WBC, RBC, and PCV) showing a substantial rise in all the groups treated with AMSME as compared with the untreated negative control, which exhibited no trace of inflammatory damage. The results also show a significant (P <0.05) increase in high-density lipoprotein (HDL), while total cholesterol (TC), triacylglycerides (TG), and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) were significantly (p >0.05) reduced compared to the diabetic untreated group. The study's findings revealed that AMSME's ability to prevent diabetes may be attributed to its protective and haematological effects on pancreatic beta-cells, which in turn improve the body's reaction to glucose.