Burden of Autoimmune Disorders; A Review

When immunologic tolerance to auto-reactive immune cells is lost, autoimmune illness manifests as the immune system attacking self-molecules. Numerous autoimmune diseases are strongly predisposed by genetic, viral, and/or environmental factors. Autoimmune diseases include insulin-dependent diabetic mellitus, rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, scleroderma, thyroiditis, and multiple sclerosis. These autoimmune diseases are characterized by a variety of problems and symptoms that range from organ-specific to systemic. Autoimmune pathology may have a role in conditions like arteriosclerosis, inflammatory bowel disease, schizophrenia, and specific forms of infertility. This review consists of a brief explanation and analysis of the immune system and tolerance maintenance, a few autoimmune disorders, immune auto-reactivity mechanisms, and experimental autoimmune models.