Role of Selenium in Ruminants Health and Reproduction

Selenium (Se), a micro element was well known for its toxicity at earlier times. But, presently it is listed to be an essential mineral which is required for sound health, better immunity, and efficient reproductive functions of livestock. There is variation in the status of Se in animals and plants across the world based on different geological conditions. Se concentrations of plants are closely related with those of its soil concentration. The deficiency of Se is associated with many health problems viz increased neonatal mortality, lowered immunity poor suckling reflex and white muscle disease in animals. There is significant role of Se in the reproduction of animals. The selenoproteins such as, Glutathione peroxidase 4 (GSH-Px4) and SELENOP have a regulatory role in male reproduction. GSH-Px4 has distinct antioxidant and structural properties and is expressed in testes. The peroxidation of Leydig cells is protected by SELENOP. The specific role of Se involves development of seminiferous tubules, growth of testicular tissues, in process of spermatogenesis, steroidogenesis and in synthesis and secretion of reproductive hormones like follicular stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH). In female reproduction, the supplementation of Se may reduce the incidence of metritis and ovarian cysts and decreases the embryonic mortality. Currently, due attention is given on dietary Se supplementation through different (inorganic, organic and nano) forms of Se.